Mechanical wave| complete notes| class 12|NEB|

Mechanical waves are waves that require a medium to propagate. They are disturbances that propagate through a medium, transferring energy from one point to another without any net movement of the medium itself. Examples of mechanical waves include sound waves, water waves, seismic waves, and waves in springs.

The following are some important formulas related to mechanical waves:

Wave speed (v) = frequency (f) × wavelength (λ)

This formula relates the speed of a wave to its frequency and wavelength. The wave speed is the distance traveled by a wave per unit time, and it depends on the properties of the medium through which the wave is traveling. The frequency is the number of wave cycles per unit time, and the wavelength is the distance between two consecutive points in a wave that are in phase.

Period (T) = 1/frequency (f)

The period of a wave is the time it takes for one complete cycle of the wave to occur. It is inversely proportional to the frequency of the wave, meaning that as the frequency increases, the period decreases.

Amplitude (A) = maximum displacement from equilibrium

The amplitude of a wave is the maximum distance that a wave is displaced from its equilibrium position. It is a measure of the strength or intensity of the wave, and it depends on the energy that is being transferred by the wave.

Energy (E) = 1/2 × mass (m) × velocity (v)²

This formula relates the energy carried by a wave to its mass and velocity. The energy of a wave is proportional to the square of its velocity and its mass.

Intensity (I) = power (P) / area (A)

The intensity of a wave is the amount of energy that is transferred by the wave per unit time and per unit area. It is directly proportional to the power of the wave and inversely proportional to the area over which the wave is spread.

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