Wave motions complete notes class 12
Waves can be classified into two types: mechanical waves and electromagnetic waves.
Mechanical Waves:
Mechanical waves require a medium to propagate.
The medium can be a solid, liquid, or gas.
Examples of mechanical waves include sound waves, seismic waves, and ocean waves.
Electromagnetic Waves:
Electromagnetic waves do not require a medium to propagate.
They are composed of oscillating electric and magnetic fields that travel through space at the speed of light.
Examples of electromagnetic waves include radio waves, microwaves, visible light, X-rays, and gamma rays.
Characteristics of Waves:
Amplitude: The amplitude of a wave is the maximum displacement of a point on the wave from its rest position.
Wavelength: The wavelength of a wave is the distance between two consecutive points in the wave that are in phase.
Frequency: The frequency of a wave is the number of complete cycles that the wave undergoes in a given time period.
Period: The period of a wave is the time it takes for one complete cycle of the wave to occur.
Velocity: The velocity of a wave is the speed at which the wave travels through a medium.
Types of Waves:
Transverse Waves: In transverse waves, the particles of the medium vibrate perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation.
Longitudinal Waves: In longitudinal waves, the particles of the medium vibrate parallel to the direction of wave propagation.
Surface Waves: Surface waves are a combination of transverse and longitudinal waves that propagate along the interface between two different media.
Wave Properties:
Reflection: Reflection occurs when a wave encounters a boundary between two media and is redirected back into the original medium.
Refraction: Refraction occurs when a wave passes through a boundary between two media and changes direction.
Diffraction: Diffraction occurs when a wave encounters an obstacle or a slit that is comparable in size to its wavelength and bends around it.
Interference: Interference occurs when two waves meet and combine to form a resultant wave.
Standing Waves: Standing waves are formed when two waves with the same frequency and amplitude travel in opposite directions and interfere with each other.
Applications of Waves:
Communication: Waves are used in various forms of communication, such as radio, television, and cellular phones.
Medicine: Waves are used in medical imaging techniques, such as X-rays, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Music: Waves are used to create and reproduce music, such as in musical instruments and speakers.
Seismology: Waves are used to study the structure of the earth and its interior, such as seismic waves generated by earthquakes.
Optics: Waves are used to study and manipulate light, such as in lenses, mirrors, and optical fibers.
Image:
Wave motions is an actual peculiarity that depicts the development of energy through reality without the vehicle of issue. It is seen in different settings, including water waves, sound waves, light waves, and electromagnetic waves. In this outline, we will talk about the central standards of wave movement, its attributes, types, and numerical formulae.
principal of Wave Motions:
A wave is an unsettling influence that movements through a medium or space. It is portrayed by its frequency, wavelength, and speed. The frequency is the distance between two sequential pinnacles or box of a wave. The sufficiency is the most extreme relocation of the wave from its balance position. The recurrence is the quantity of cycles per unit time, and the speed is the distance gone by a wave for each unit time.
Wave movement is represented by the laws of physical science, including the laws of preservation of energy and force. The energy of a wave is relative to its sufficiency squared, while its force is corresponding to its speed. The wave condition, which portrays the way of behaving of waves, is a fractional differential condition that relates the second subordinate of the wave capability regarding reality.
types of Waves:
There are two primary kinds of waves: cross over waves and longitudinal waves. Cross over waves are portrayed by the dislodging of particles opposite to the course of wave proliferation. Instances of cross over waves incorporate water waves, electromagnetic waves, and seismic waves. Longitudinal waves are described by the relocation of particles lined up with the course of wave engendering. Instances of longitudinal waves incorporate sound waves and strain waves.
Wave motions
can be depicted utilizing numerical formulae, including:
Wave condition: ∂^2ψ/∂t^2 = v^2 ∂^2ψ/∂x^2
Where ψ is the wave capability, t is time, x is position, and v is the speed of the wave.
Wave speed: v = fλ
Where v is the speed of the wave, f is the recurrence, and λ is the frequency.
period: T = 1/f
Where T is the time of the wave.
Amplitude: A = (1/2) (ψmax - ψmin)
Where An is the amplitude of the wave, ψmax is the greatest removal of the wave, and ψmin is the base relocation of the wave.
End:
Wave motions is a principal idea in material science that depicts the development of energy through existence without the vehicle of issue. It is seen in different settings, including water waves, sound waves, light waves, and electromagnetic waves. Grasping the standards, qualities, and numerical formulae of wave movement is fundamental for an extensive variety of logical and designing applications.
